Web proxies have been around for quite some time now and have been used by millions of users around the globe. They have a wide range of purposes, most popular being online anonymity, but there are other ways you can take advantage of web proxies. Here are some ideas:
- Online anonymity
- Improve online security
- Improve loading times
- Block malicious traffic
- Log your online activity
- To circumvent regional restrictions
- In some cases can reduce bandwidth usage
How Proxy Server Works
The proxy server is a computer that is used as an intermediary between the client and other servers from which client may request resources. A simple example of this is when a client makes online requests (for example want to open a web page), he connects first to the proxy server.
The proxy server then checks its local disk cache and if the data can be found in there, it will return the data to the client, if not cached, it will make the request in the client’s behalf using the proxy IP address (different from the clients) and then return the data to the client. The proxy server will try to cache the new data and will use it for future requests made to the same server.
What is Squid Proxy
Squid is a web proxy used my wide range of organizations. It is often used as caching proxy and improving response times and reducing bandwidth usage.
How to Install Squid on CentOS 7
Before we start, you should know that Squid, does not have any minimum requirements, but the amount of RAM usage may vary depending on the clients browsing the internet through the proxy server.
Squid is included in the base repository and thus the installation is simple and straightforward. Before installing it, however, make sure your packages are up to date by running.
# yum -y update
Proceed by installing squid, start and enable it on system startup using following commands.
# yum -y install squid # systemctl start squid # systemctl enable squid
At this point your Squid web proxy should already be running and you can verify the status of the service with.
# systemctl status squid
Sample Output
● squid.service - Squid caching proxy
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/squid.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-09-20 10:07:23 UTC; 5min ago
Main PID: 2005 (squid)
CGroup: /system.slice/squid.service
├─2005 /usr/sbin/squid -f /etc/squid/squid.conf
├─2007 (squid-1) -f /etc/squid/squid.conf
└─2008 (logfile-daemon) /var/log/squid/access.log
Sep 20 10:07:23 tecmint systemd[1]: Starting Squid caching proxy...
Sep 20 10:07:23 tecmint squid[2005]: Squid Parent: will start 1 kids
Sep 20 10:07:23 tecmint squid[2005]: Squid Parent: (squid-1) process 2007 started
Sep 20 10:07:23 tecmint systemd[1]: Started Squid caching proxy.
Here are some important file locations you should be aware of:
- Squid configuration file: /etc/squid/squid.conf
- Squid Access log: /var/log/squid/access.log
- Squid Cache log: /var/log/squid/cache.log
A minimum squid.conf configuration file (without comments in it) looks like this:
acl localnet src 10.0.0.0/8 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src 172.16.0.0/12 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src 192.168.0.0/16 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src fc00::/7 # RFC 4193 local private network range acl localnet src fe80::/10 # RFC 4291 link-local (directly plugged) machines acl SSL_ports port 443 acl Safe_ports port 80 # http acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp acl Safe_ports port 443 # https acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http acl CONNECT method CONNECT http_access deny !Safe_ports http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports http_access allow localhost manager http_access deny manager http_access allow localnet http_access allow localhost http_access deny all http_port 3128 coredump_dir /var/spool/squid refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080 refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440 refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0 refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320
Configuring Squid as an HTTP Proxy
Here, we will show you how to configure squid as an HTTP proxy using only the client IP address for authentication.
Add Squid ACLs
If you wish to allow IP address to access the web through your new proxy server, you will need to add new acl(access control list) line in the configuration file.
# vim /etc/squid/squid.conf
The line you should add is:
acl localnet src XX.XX.XX.XX
Where XX.XX.XX.XX is the actual client IP address you wish to add. The line should be added in the beginning of the file where the ACLs are defined. It is a good practice to add a comment next to ACL which will describe who uses this IP address.
It is important to note that if Squid is located outside your local network, you should add the public IP address of the client.
You will need to restart Squid so the new changes can take effect.
# systemctl restart squid
Open Squid Proxy Ports
As you may have seen in the configuration file, only certain ports are allowed for connecting. You can add more by editing the configuration file.
acl Safe_ports port XXX
Where XXX is the actual port you wish to load. Again it is a good idea to leave a comment next to that will describe what the port is going to be used for.
For the changes to take effect, you will need to restart squid once more.
# systemctl restart squid
Squid Proxy Client Authentication
You will most probably want your users to authenticate before using the proxy. For that purpose, you can enable basic http authentication. It is easy and fast to configure.
First you will need httpd-tools installed.
# yum -y install httpd-tools
Now lets create a file that will later store the username for the authentication. Squid runs with user “squid” so the file should be owned by that user.
# touch /etc/squid/passwd # chown squid: /etc/squid/passwd
Now we will create a new user called “proxyclient” and setup its password.
# htpasswd /etc/squid/passwd proxyclient New password: Re-type new password: Adding password for user proxyclient
Now to configure the autnetication open the configuration file.
# vim /etc/squid/squid.conf
After the ports ACLs add the following lines:
auth_param basic program /usr/lib64/squid/basic_ncsa_auth /etc/squid/passwd auth_param basic children 5 auth_param basic realm Squid Basic Authentication auth_param basic credentialsttl 2 hours acl auth_users proxy_auth REQUIRED http_access allow auth_users
Save the file and restart squid so that the new changes can take effect:
# systemctl restart squid
Block Websites on Squid Proxy
Finally we will create one last ACL that will help us block unwanted websites. First create the file that will store the blacklisted sites.
# touch /etc/squid/blacklisted_sites.acl
You can add some domains you wish to block. For example:
.badsite1.com .badsite2.com
The proceding dot tells squid to block all referecnes to that sites including www.badsite1, subsite.badsite1.cometc.
Now open Squid’s configuration file.
# vim /etc/squid/squid.conf
Just after the ports ACLs add the following two lines:
acl bad_urls dstdomain "/etc/squid/blacklisted_sites.acl" http_access deny bad_urls
Now save the file and restart squid:
# systemctl restart squid
Once everyting configured correctly, now you can configure your local client browser or operating system’s network settings to use your squid HTTP proxy.
Conclusion
In this tutorial you learned how to install, secure and configure a Squid HTTP Proxy server on your own. With the information you just got, you can now add some basic filtering for incoming and outgoing traffic through Squid.
If you wish to go the extra mile, you can even configure squid to block some websites during working hours to prevent distractions. If you have any questions or comments, please post them in the comment section below.
